Sleep-related disorders are common in childhood. In most cases, the disorders are mild or transient and are sometimes part of the child's development. At other times they are persistent, serious and difficult to manage and require complex studies and specialized treatment.
Syndrome of apnea of premature
Apneas are breathing pauses longer than 20 seconds that occur when the baby is asleep. The cause is the immaturity of the respiratory centers of the Central Nervous System (CNS). The frequency increases with positions in which the baby's neck is bent or other medications that depress the CNS.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
It is characterized by the death of the baby in an unexpected and inexplicable way, with no apparent cause after the autopsy. The children at highest risk of sudden death are:
- Children born with a weight less than 1500 grams.
- Twins or triples.
- Children with a brother who died of sudden death.
- Children of mothers addicted to drugs.
- Preterm infants with prolonged apneas after the first week of life.
Exposing children to cigarette smoke during the neonatal period and allowing the mother to smoke during pregnancy increases the likelihood of a child dying suddenly.
Benign Neonatal Myoclonus of Sleep
It is characterized by the presence of sudden, rhythmic or arrhythmic jolts of limbs, which occur during sleep. In fact, their presence indicates that the baby's neurological development is normal.
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome
This syndrome affects the Autonomic Nervous System and is characterized by an abnormal respiratory response. Hypoventilation consists of a saturation of carbon dioxide in the blood, which makes it difficult to oxygenate it.
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